ISO/IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 14834 First edition 1996-08-15 Information technology - Distributed Transaction Processing -- The XA Specification Technologies de I'information-Traitement transactionnel réparti - LaspécificationXA TEC Reference number ISO/IEC14834:1996(E) Copyright Intermational Organization for Standardization rovided byIHS ense with ermitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO/IEC 14834:1996(E) Contents Chapter 1 General .. 1.1 Scope. 1.2 X/Open DTP Model... 1.3 Document Structure... 2 1.4 Normative References .... 2 Chapter 2 Model and Definitions. 3 2.1 X/Open DTP Model.. 4 2.2 Definitions.... 5 2.2.1 Transaction.. 5 2.2.2 Distributed Transaction Processing 5 2.2.3 Application Program... 5 2.2.4 Resource Manager 2.2.5 Global Transactions ... 6 2.2.6 TransactionBranches 9 2.2.7 Transaction Manager 9 2.2.8 Thread of Control.... 2.2.9 Tightly- and Loosely-coupled Threads 2.3 Transaction Completion and Recovery 8 2.3.1 Rolling Back the Global Transaction 8 2.3.2 Protocol Optimisations ... 8 2.3.3 HeuristicBranchCompletion 9 2.3.4 Failures and Recovery 9 Chapter 3 Interface Overview... 11 3.1 Index to Services in the XA Interface 12 3.2 Opening and Closing Resource Managers 13 3.3 AssociationofThreadswithTransactionBranches. 14 3.3.1 Registration of Resource Managers .. 15 3.4 Branch Completion . 16 3.5 Synchronous, Non-blocking, and Asynchronous Modes ......... 17 3.6 Failure Recovery... 17 Chapter 4 The "xa.h"Header.. 19 4.1 Naming Conventions.. 19 4.2 Transaction Identification.. 19 4.3 Resource Manager Switch 21 4.4 Flag Definitions .. 22 C ISO/IEC1996 All rights reserved.Unless otherwise specified,no part of this publication maybe repro duced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying and microfim, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office · Case postale 56. CH-1211 Geneve 20· Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright Intemational Organization for Standardization ense from IHS Not for Resale ISO/IEC14834:1996(E) CISO/IEC 4.5 ReturnCodes 24 Chapter Reference Manual Pages... 5 27 ax_reg() 28 ax_unreg() 31 xa_close() 32 xa_commit() 34 xa_complete() 37 xa_end() 38 xa_forget() 41 xa_open() 43 xa_prepare() 45 xa_recover() 48 xa_rollback() 50 xa_start() 53 Chapter 6 57 6.1 Resource Manager Initialisation .. 58 6.2 Association of Threads of Control with Transactions... 59 6.2.1 Dynamic Registration of Threads ... 59 6.3 Transaction States ... 61 6.4 Asynchronous Operations 63 Chapter < Implementation Requirements 65 7.1 Application Program Requirements.. 65 7.2 Resource Manager Requirements.. 66 7.2.1 The Application Program (Native) Interface . 68 7.3 Transaction Manager Requirements.. 69 Appendix A Complete Text of "xa.h".. 71 Appendix B DTP ModelIntroduction.. 75 B.1 Overview .... 75 B.2 Benefits of X/Open DTP. 76 B.3 Areas Not Addressed... 76 B.4 Relationship to International Standards ... 76 Appendix C DTP Model --- Definitions 77 C.1 Transaction Definitions. 77 C.2 Model Definitions. 79 Appendix D DTP Model -- The Model .. 81 D.1 Functional Model...... 82 D.2 Functional Components 83 D.2.1 Application Program (AP). 83 D.2.2 Transaction Manager (TM) .. 83 D.2.3 Resource Manager (RM).... 83 D.2.4 Communication Resource Manager (CRM). 84 ili Copyright Intermational Organization for Standardization Not for Resale ISO/IEC14834:1996(E) @ISO/EC D.3 Interfaces between Functional Components. 85 D.3.1 Functional Component Interfaces. 85 D.3.2 Data Interfaces ... 87 D.4 Activity Involving a Single AP 88 D.4.1 Transaction Initiation ...... 88 D.4.2 Transaction Association 88 D.4.3 Transaction Commitment 88 D.4.4 Transaction Rollback... 89 D.4.5 Heuristic Transaction Completion .. 89 D.4.6 Recovery after Failure...... 90 D.5 Distributed Communication Facilities. 91 D.5.1 Communication within TM Domains ... 91 D.5.2 Communication across TM Domains. 91 D.5.3 Sharing Resources across TM Domains 91 D.5.4 Global Transaction Dema