ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 11409 First edition 1993-12-01 Plastics - Phenolic resins Determination of heats and temperatures of reaction by differential scanning calorimetry Plastiques - Résines phenoliques Determination des chaleurs et températures de réaction par calorimétrie différentielle a balayage ISO Reference number ISO 11409:1993(E) No reproduction or networking permited without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO11409:1993(E) Foreword IsO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (lsO member bodies). The work technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IsO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) on ail matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11409 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Sub-Committee SC 12, Thermosetting materials. Later, this International Standard will become part of a general standard concerning differential scanning calorimetry. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. ISO 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. InternationalOrganizationforStandardization CasePostale56CH-1211Geneve20·Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii Cowrihteational Organizatinfor Standardizaton d without license from IHS Not for Resale INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11409:1993(E) Plastics Phenolic resins -- Determination of heats and temperatures of reaction by differential scanning calorimetry Scope 3.1 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): A 1 technique whereby the difference in energy absorbed 1.1 This International Standard specifies a method is measuredasafunctionoftemperatureand/ortime for the determination of heats and temperatures of whilethe polymerand the referencearesubjectedto reaction of phenolic resins by differential scanning the same temperature schedule. calorimetry. 3.2 phenolic resin: Generally, a class of resins 1.2 The method is applicable to phenolic resins with madebypolycondensationofphenol,itshomologues exothermic behaviour, such as resols or mixtures of and/or derivatives, with aldehydes or ketones. novolaks with hexamethylenetetramine or other cur- ［ISO472] ing agents. 3.3 novolaks: Non-self-curing, soluble, fusible 1.3 The method is useful for the characterization of phenolic resins that remain stable when stored, the products and for research. phenol nuclei of which are linked primarily by methylene bridges. Novolaks can be made to react further and crosslink by the addition of hardeners; 2 Normative references heating is also usually necessary. [Is0 10082] The following standards contain provisions which, See also novolak in ISO 472 through reference in this text, constitute provisions of thisInternationalStandard.At the time of publi- 3.4 resols: Soluble, fusible phenolic resins which, in cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards contrast to novolaks, contain methylol groups and are subject to revision, and parties to agreements methylene-ether and sometimes also methylene- based on this International Standard are encouraged amine bridges. Resols are self-curing; they crosslink to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- into insoluble products when heated and/or mixed cent editions of the standards indicated below. with catalysts, without addition of further reaction Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur- components. Resols are perishable and can be stored rentlyvalidInternationalS